The Assif El Mal Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) mineralization forms subvertical veins with ribbon, fault breccia, cockade, comb, and crack and seal textures. Intrusion of synorogenic to postorogenic Late Hercynian peraluminous granitoids has contact metamorphosed the host rocks giving rise to a metamorphic assemblage of quartz, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, chlorite, amphibole, chloritoid, and garnet. The Assif El Mal Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) vein system, located in the northern flank of the High Atlas of Marrakech (Morocco), is hosted in a Cambro-Ordovician volcaniclastic and metasedimentary sequence composed of graywacke, siltstone, pelite, and shale interlayered with minor tuff and mudstone. It contends that the putative nation-space articulated the hegemony of the Anglo-vernacular middle-classes, that is, English educated, upper caste, male Hindus where women, non-Hindus, and the labouring classes were marginalised. Unlike in Europe, where the ideas of homeland and nation overlap, these writers imagined the Indian nation-space as one encompassing diverse ethno-linguistic homelands. The paper further argues that the later writers made a distinction between the idea of a homeland and a nation. It contends that this process of secularisation posited Hinduism as the civil religion of India. The paper argues that for Tagore the mountains were the ‘holy lands of Brahma,’ while Sen and Bharati depicted the Himalaya with a political slant and secularised the space of Hindu sacred geography. It examines sections of Devendranath Tagore’s autobiography, written around 1856 – 58, before discussing the travelogues of Jaladhar Sen and Ramananda Bharati from the closing years of the nineteenth century. This paper examines changing conceptions of the Himalaya in nineteenth century Bengali travelogues from a sacred space to a spatial metaphor of a putative nation-space.
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